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<?php function foo(&$elements) { $new_elements = ['baz' => 'bar']; $elements = &$new_elements; $elements['bar'] = 42; print_r($elements); } $elements = [ 'foo' => 'bar', ]; foo($elements); print_r($elements);
Finding entry points
Branch analysis from position: 0
1 jumps found. (Code = 62) Position 1 = -2
filename:       /in/dHiB1
function name:  (null)
number of ops:  8
compiled vars:  !0 = $elements
line      #* E I O op                               fetch          ext  return  operands
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   12     0  E >   ASSIGN                                                       !0, <array>
   16     1        INIT_FCALL                                                   'foo'
          2        SEND_REF                                                     !0
          3        DO_FCALL                                          0          
   18     4        INIT_FCALL                                                   'print_r'
          5        SEND_VAR                                                     !0
          6        DO_ICALL                                                     
          7      > RETURN                                                       1

Function foo:
Finding entry points
Branch analysis from position: 0
1 jumps found. (Code = 62) Position 1 = -2
filename:       /in/dHiB1
function name:  foo
number of ops:  9
compiled vars:  !0 = $elements, !1 = $new_elements
line      #* E I O op                               fetch          ext  return  operands
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    3     0  E >   RECV                                                 !0      
    4     1        ASSIGN                                                       !1, <array>
    5     2        ASSIGN_REF                                                   !0, !1
    7     3        ASSIGN_DIM                                                   !0, 'bar'
          4        OP_DATA                                                      42
    9     5        INIT_FCALL                                                   'print_r'
          6        SEND_VAR                                                     !0
          7        DO_ICALL                                                     
   10     8      > RETURN                                                       null

End of function foo

Generated using Vulcan Logic Dumper, using php 8.5.0


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