- preg_match: documentation ( source)
<?php
$tag = "MU";
$strings = [
'D109 MU, worked from home today',
'Walked the dog, later took the kids to swimming. D110 MU. Went to the gym in the evening for the 9th time this month.'
];
foreach ($strings as $string) {
echo "\n---\n" , preg_match("~D\K\d+(?= $tag)~", $string, $out) ? $out[0] : 'fail';
}