- array_column: documentation ( source)
<?php
$arr = [
1 => ['A' => '1', 'C' => 'TEMU3076746'],
2 => ['A' => '2', 'C' => 'FCIU5412720'],
3 => ['A' => '3', 'C' => 'TEMU3076746'],
4 => ['A' => '4', 'C' => 'TEMU3076746'],
5 => ['A' => '5', 'C' => 'FCIU5412720']
];
echo count(array_column($arr, 'C', 'C'));