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@ 2013-09-20T22:18:00Z

<?php
class Exception
{
    protected $message = 'Unknown exception';   // exception message
    private   $string;                          // __toString cache
    protected $code = 0;                        // user defined exception code
    protected $file;                            // source filename of exception
    protected $line;                            // source line of exception
    private   $trace;                           // backtrace
    private   $previous;                        // previous exception if nested exception
public function __construct($message, $code = 0) {
        // some code

        // make sure everything is assigned properly
        self::__construct($message, $code);
    }
}

          // Inhibits cloning of exceptions.

     /**
      * NewException
      * Extends the Exception class so that the $message parameter is now mendatory.
      * 
      */
     class NewException extends Exception {
         //$message is now not optional, just for the extension.
         public function __construct($message, $code = 0, Exception $previous = null) {
             parent::__construct($message, $code, $previous);
         }
     }
     
     /**
      * TestException
      * Tests and throws Exceptions.
      */
     class TestException {
         const NONE = 0;
         const NORMAL = 1;
         const CUSTOM = 2;
         public function __construct($type = self::NONE) {
             switch ($type) {
                 case 1: 
                     throw new Exception('Normal Exception');
                     break;
                 case 2:
                     throw new NewException('Custom Exception');
                     break;
                 default:
                     return 0; //No exception is thrown.
             }
         }
     }
     
     try {
         $t = new TestException(TestException::CUSTOM);
     }
     catch (Exception $e) {
         print_r($e); //Exception Caught
     }
     
?>

Output for git.master, git.master_jit, rfc.property-hooks: Fatal error: Cannot declare class Exception, because the name is already in use in /in/MXVgu on line 2
Process exited with code 255.

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2020-03-21 RFC: Is_Literal - declined
2020-12-04 Enumerations - included in PHP 8.1
2018-06-15 Typed Properties v2 - implemented in PHP 7.4
2016-08-12 Object typehint - included in PHP 7.2
2016-08-14 Arrow functions - withdrawn
2016-05-29 array_change_keys() - withdrawn
2016-04-19 Lexical scope support for anonymous classes - suspended
2016-04-17 Functional Interfaces - declined
2016-03-16 Typed Properties - superseded in favor of Typed Properties 2.0
2015-08-27 Callable Prototypes - declined
2015-05-01 Short Closures - declined / withdrawn in favor of Arrow Functions
2015-02-18 Scalar type hints v5 - included in PHP 7
2015-02-14 Union Types - declined
2013-09-22 Anonymous classes - included in PHP 7

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