- var_dump: documentation ( source)
<?php
function foo1(&$bar = 1) {}
function foo2(&$bar = true) {}
function foo3(&$bar = []) {}
function foo4(&$bar = null) {}
$bar2 = 'test';
foo1($bar1);
foo2($bar2);
foo3($bar3);
foo4($bar4);
var_dump($bar1, $bar2, $bar3, $bar4);